Propagating Calla Lilies: A Comprehensive Guide

Calla lilies, known for their elegant and trumpet-shaped flowers, are a popular choice for both indoor and outdoor gardens. If you’re an avid gardener or simply want to expand your collection of these beautiful plants, propagating calla lilies can be a rewarding and cost-effective way to do so. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the various methods of calla lily propagation, from division to seed germination, providing you with valuable insights and expert tips along the way.

1. Division: A tried and true method

One of the most common and reliable methods of propagating calla lilies is by division. This method involves separating the rhizomes or tubers of an established plant to create new individual plants. Division is usually done in early spring when the calla lilies are coming out of dormancy.

To begin, carefully dig up the calla lily rhizomes, being careful not to damage the roots. Gently shake off excess soil and inspect the rhizomes for signs of disease or damage. Select healthy, sturdy rhizomes with multiple growth points or “eyes” for the best chance of success.
Next, use a sharp, sterilized knife or pruning shears to cut the rhizomes into smaller sections, making sure that each section has at least one eye. It’s important to make clean cuts to minimize the risk of introducing pathogens or causing unnecessary stress to the plants. Dust the cut surfaces with a fungicide to further protect against potential infections.

Once divided, plant the calla lily sections in well-draining soil, burying them with the eyes facing up and leaving about 2 to 3 inches of soil above the rhizomes. Water the newly planted sections thoroughly and place them in a location that receives full but indirect sunlight. Keep the soil moist but not soggy to encourage healthy root development.

2. Seed Germination: Unleashing Potential

Another method of propagating calla lilies is by seed germination. Although it requires more time and patience than division, growing calla lilies from seed can be a fascinating and rewarding experience. It also offers the opportunity to discover unique variations in flower color and shape that can result from seed-grown plants.
To begin, collect ripe seeds from mature calla lily flowers. Allow the seed pods to dry on the plant until they turn brown and begin to split. Carefully remove the seeds from the pods, being careful not to damage them.

Before sowing, it’s a good idea to stratify the seeds to simulate natural conditions for germination. This can be accomplished by placing the seeds in a sealed plastic bag filled with moist peat moss or vermiculite and refrigerated for 6 to 8 weeks. This cold treatment breaks the seed dormancy and promotes more uniform and successful germination.

After the stratification period, sow the calla lily seeds in a well-draining seed starting mix. Gently press the seeds onto the soil surface as they need light to germinate. Keep the soil moist, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to fungal diseases.

Place the seed trays or pots in a warm location with indirect sunlight. Maintain a temperature of approximately 70 to 75°F (21 to 24°C) to provide optimal conditions for germination. It may take several weeks for the seeds to sprout, so be patient and continue to provide the necessary care.

3. Caring for newly propagated calla lilies

Once you’ve successfully propagated calla lilies by division or seed germination, it’s important to provide them with the proper care to ensure their healthy growth and development. Here are some important things to consider:

• Light: Calla lilies thrive in bright but indirect sunlight. Place them in a location that receives several hours of filtered sunlight each day, such as near a north- or east-facing window. Be careful not to expose them to direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves.

• Watering: Calla lilies prefer consistently moist soil. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch, but avoid overwatering as this can cause root rot. Ensure proper drainage to prevent stagnant moisture and promote healthy root growth.

• Temperature and humidity: Calla lilies prefer moderate temperatures between 18 and 24°C (65 and 75°F). They also appreciate slightly higher humidity levels, which can be achieved by placing a bowl of water near the plants or using a humidifier.

• Fertilization: Feed your calla lilies a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every two to three weeks during the growing season. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper dilution and application rates. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause salt buildup and damage the plants over time.

• Pests and diseases: Keep an eye out for common pests such as aphids, spider mites, and slugs that can infest calla lilies. Inspect plants regularly and take appropriate measures to control pest populations, such as using organic insecticidal soap or introducing beneficial insects. Also be aware of fungal diseases such as root rot and powdery mildew, which can be prevented by ensuring proper drainage and good air circulation around the plants.

4. Transplanting Calla Lilies

As Calla lilies grow and mature, they may outgrow their pots or beds and need to be transplanted to larger containers or other locations. Transplanting calla lilies should be done during their dormant period in early spring to minimize stress and maximize their chances of successful establishment.
To transplant calla lilies, gently dig up the rhizomes, taking care not to damage the roots. Shake off excess soil and inspect the plants for signs of disease or damage. Choose a new location with well-draining soil and adequate sunlight.

Dig a hole that is wide and deep enough to accommodate the calla lily rhizomes. Place the rhizomes in the hole with the eyes facing up. Backfill the hole with soil, gently compacting it around the rhizomes. Water the transplanted calla lilies thoroughly to settle the soil and encourage root growth.

After transplanting, continue to provide the appropriate care, including regular watering, fertilizing, and pest control, as mentioned in the previous section. Monitor the plants closely for signs of stress or disease and take immediate action if necessary.

5. Wintering Calla Lilies

In regions with cold winters, Calla lilies are generally not cold hardy and require protection during the dormant season. Wintering calla lilies indoors can help ensure their survival and promote healthy growth in the following seasons.
Before the first frost, carefully dig up the calla lily rhizomes, taking care not to damage the roots. Shake off excess soil and allow the rhizomes to dry for a day or two. Trim back any remaining foliage, leaving only a few inches above the rhizomes.

Next, place the rhizomes in a container filled with peat moss, vermiculite, or dry sand. Keep the container in a cool, dark place with a temperature of about 50 to 55°F (10 to 13°C). Check the rhizomes regularly for signs of rot or disease and discard any that appear damaged.

During the winter months, it’s important to keep the rhizomes dry, but not completely desiccated. Occasionally mist them lightly with water to prevent dehydration. In early spring, as the weather begins to warm up, gradually reintroduce moisture into the rhizomes to stimulate growth.

When the danger of frost has passed, transplant overwintered calla lilies back into the garden or containers, following the steps outlined in the previous sections. With proper care and protection during the winter months, your calla lilies will continue to thrive and bring beauty to your garden year after year.
In conclusion, calla lily propagation can be a rewarding endeavor for both the experienced gardener and the novice. Whether through division or seed germination, this elegant flower can be multiplied to create stunning displays of color and form. By following the expert tips and techniques outlined in this comprehensive guide, you’ll be well on your way to successfully propagating calla lilies and enjoying their beauty in your own garden.

FAQs

How do you propagate calla lilies?

There are a few methods you can use to propagate calla lilies:

1. Division:

One common method is to divide the rhizomes of mature calla lily plants. Dig up the rhizomes during the dormant season, typically in late fall or early spring. Gently separate the individual rhizomes, making sure each division has a healthy bud or growing point. Replant the divisions in well-draining soil and keep them moist until new growth appears.

2. Seed propagation:

You can also propagate calla lilies from seeds, although this method is less common. Collect ripe seeds from mature calla lily plants. Sow the seeds in a seed-starting mix and keep them warm and moist. It may take several weeks for the seeds to germinate. Once the seedlings have developed several leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the garden.

3. Tissue culture:

An advanced propagation method is tissue culture, which involves taking small tissue samples from a calla lily plant and growing them in a laboratory under sterile conditions. This method allows for the mass production of genetically identical plants. Tissue culture propagation is typically done by professionals or specialized nurseries.

4. Offsets:

Some calla lilies produce offsets, which are smaller bulbs or rhizomes that develop alongside the main plant. These offsets can be carefully separated and replanted to grow new plants. Wait until the offsets have developed their own root systems before detaching them from the parent plant.

5. Bulblets:

Calla lilies occasionally produce small bulblets or bulbils on the flower stalks. These can be harvested and planted in well-draining soil to grow new plants. Allow the bulblets to mature and develop roots before separating them from the stalk.